Journal: Experimental & Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Regulation of PKM2 expression and function by GLIS3 during metabolic reprogramming in polycystic kidneys

doi: 10.1038/s12276-026-01676-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Representative images comparing whole kidney size between Glis3-KO2 kidneys treated with vehicle or compound 3K are shown. b , Violin plot depicting the KW/BW ratio (%) for WT and Glis3 -KO2 mice treated with vehicle or compound 3K. n ≥ 10; **** P < 0.0001. c , Representative hematoxylin and eosin-scanned images of kidney sections from Glis3 -KO2 kidneys treated with vehicle or compound 3K. Bars indicate 1 mm. d , Comparison of cystic index between Glis3 -KO2 kidneys treated with vehicle or compound 3K. Cystic index represents the percentage of renal tissue occupied by cysts. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m., n = 6 . ** P < 0.01. e , Comparison of renal cyst size (mm 2 ) between kidneys from Glis3 -KO2 mice treated with vehicle or compound 3K. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m., n = 6; * P < 0.05. f , Comparison of the number of cysts per kidney section between Glis3 -KO2 kidneys treated with vehicle or compound 3K. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m., n = 8; ** P < 0.01. g , Comparison of serum creatinine levels (mg/dl) between WT and Glis3 -KO2 mice treated with vehicle or compound 3K. h , RT–qPCR analysis of Pkm2 , c-Myc , Hk2 , Havcr1 and Lcn2 between WT and Glis3 -KO2 mice treated with vehicle or compound 3K. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m., n ≥ 5; **** P < 0.0001; *** P < 0.001; ** P < 0.01; * P < 0.05. i , Schematic illustration depicting the relationship between loss of GLIS3 function, regulation of PKM2 and cystogenesis. GLIS3 deficiency enhances Pkm gene expression in kidneys with a preferential increase in the Pkm2 isoform. Increased PKM2 phosphorylation at S37 and Y105 promotes dimer formation. PKM2-S37 phosphorylation is facilitated by increased pERK1/2 levels. Together, these events promote glycolysis, cell proliferation and cystogenesis in GLIS3-deficient kidneys. Figure 6i was created using BioRender.com.

Article Snippet: To examine the effect of PKM2 inhibition on cyst formation, PND7 Glis3 -Pax8Cre mice were treated intraperitoneally with the PKM2 inhibitor, compound 3K (S8616; Selleckchem Chemicals) (10 mg/kg) or vehicle control (10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 90% corn oil) every 24 h for 7 days.

Techniques: Comparison, Quantitative RT-PCR, Gene Expression, Phospho-proteomics

Journal: Experimental & Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Regulation of PKM2 expression and function by GLIS3 during metabolic reprogramming in polycystic kidneys

doi: 10.1038/s12276-026-01676-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Immunoblot analysis of PKM2 protein levels in WT and Glis3 -KO2 RECS 3 days after siRNA-mediated PKM2-KD. Protein expression was quantified by densitometric analysis. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m., n = 5; *** P < 0.001; ** P < 0.01. b , Analysis of lactate production in media from primary WT and Glis3 -KO2 RECs with or without PKM2-KD. c , Glycolytic rate was measured in primary WT and Glis3 -KO2 REC mice with or without PKM2-KD using a Seahorse analyzer after sequential injections of rotenone/antimycin A and 2-DG. d , e , Basal ( d ) and compensatory ( e ) glycolysis were calculated and plotted ( n = 3). f , Representative images of WT and Glis3 -KO2 REC spheroids with and without PKM2-KD at 5 and 9 days. Bars indicate 50 μm. g , Violin plot showing the size (µm) distribution of the spheroids generated at day 5 from WT and Glis3 -KO2 RECs with or without PKM2-KD ( n ≥ 4). Each data point represents an individual spheroid measurement. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. h , Spheroid images at day 5 were taken using the EVOS M7000, and spheroid diameter and number were analyzed using ImageJ and plotted according to size distribution—either 30–50, 50–100 or >100 μm. Total indicates the number of spheroids analyzed in each group ( n = 39–164). i , Violin plot showing the size (µm) distribution of the spheroids generated at day 9 from WT and Glis3 -KO2 REC mice with or without PKM2-KD ( n ≥ 4). Each data point represents an individual spheroid measurement. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. j , Day 10 spheroid size distribution—either 30–50, 50–100 or >100 μm. Total indicates the number of spheroids analyzed in each group ( n = 60–191). k , Representative image of the size of WT and Glis3 -KO2 REC spheroids 5 days following treatment with vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or compound 3K (1 μM). Bars indicate 50 μm. l , Violin plot showing the size (µm) distribution of the spheroids generated from the RECs of WT and Glis3 -KO2 kidneys ( n ≥ 4). Each data point represents an individual spheroid measurement. **** P < 0.0001. m , Size distribution—30–50, 50–100 or >100 μm of WT and Glis3 -KO2 REC spheroids with or without PKM2 inhibition. Total indicates the number of spheroids analyzed in each group (n = 39–164).

Article Snippet: To examine the effect of PKM2 inhibition on cyst formation, PND7 Glis3 -Pax8Cre mice were treated intraperitoneally with the PKM2 inhibitor, compound 3K (S8616; Selleckchem Chemicals) (10 mg/kg) or vehicle control (10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 90% corn oil) every 24 h for 7 days.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Generated, Inhibition

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Levels of Pantoprazole in Neonatal Calves After Intravenous Administration

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.580735

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mean plasma pantoprazole concentration (logarithmic scale) vs. time (hr) profiles for neonatal calves ( n = 9) following intravenous (IV) single dose administration of 1.0 mg/kg of pantoprazole.

Article Snippet: Pantoprazole sulfone (Toronto Research Chemicals, Ontario, Canada) became the analyte spiked into blank tissue samples to generate calibration spikes and QC samples.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Concentration Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Levels of Pantoprazole in Neonatal Calves After Intravenous Administration

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.580735

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pantoprazole pharmacokinetic parameters following a single intravenous (1 mg/kg) administration to neonatal Holstein calves.

Article Snippet: Pantoprazole sulfone (Toronto Research Chemicals, Ontario, Canada) became the analyte spiked into blank tissue samples to generate calibration spikes and QC samples.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Levels of Pantoprazole in Neonatal Calves After Intravenous Administration

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.580735

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tissue concentrations of pantoprazole sulfone (μg/g) in collected tissues 1, 3, and 5 days after intravenous administration of pantoprazole (1 mg/kg) from study calves.

Article Snippet: Pantoprazole sulfone (Toronto Research Chemicals, Ontario, Canada) became the analyte spiked into blank tissue samples to generate calibration spikes and QC samples.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Levels of Pantoprazole in Neonatal Calves After Intravenous Administration

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.580735

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparisons of pharmacokinetic parameters of pantoprazole in domestic animal species, after single dose intravenous administration.

Article Snippet: Pantoprazole sulfone (Toronto Research Chemicals, Ontario, Canada) became the analyte spiked into blank tissue samples to generate calibration spikes and QC samples.

Techniques:

Journal: Emerging microbes & infections

Article Title: Identification of cepharanthine as an effective inhibitor of African swine fever virus replication.

doi: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2429624

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Screening of antiviral compounds against ASFV in the Selleck natural compounds library. (A) Depiction of the screening process of anti-ASFV compounds. A total of 803 compounds were screened in ASFV infected PAMs (1 MOI) using a cell-based Elisa assay. Two replicates were set for each compound at a concentration of 10 μM, and those with high cytotoxicity were excluded in the second round of screening. (B) The screening results of anti-ASFV compounds. Each dot represents a compound, ranging by infection ratio. (C) The 50% cytotoxicity concentrations (CC50) of candidate anti-ASFV compounds. PAMs (2 × 105 cells/well) were seeded in a 96 well plate overnight, treated with the indicated concentration of DMSO or compounds for 24 h, and then treated with CCK-8 agent for an additional 2 h. The OD450 value was measured for cell viability detection. (D) The Half Maximal Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) of candidate anti-ASFV compounds. PAMs were treated with the indicated concentration of DMSO or com pounds for 2 h, followed by a cell-based ELISA assay. Data were calculated through nonlinear regression analysis.

Article Snippet: Screening of antiviral compounds against ASFV in the Selleck natural compounds library. (A) Depiction of the screening process of anti-ASFV compounds.

Techniques: Infection, In-Cell ELISA, Concentration Assay, CCK-8 Assay

Journal: Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS

Article Title: Acrylamide Production in Autoclaved Rodent Feed

doi: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-18-000011

Figure Lengend Snippet: Urine N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-cysteine concentration (AAMA, μM) from mice fed NIH31 study diets. All groups represent a single pooled sample except A270P which had 2 pooled samples. Data represents mean of duplicates ± SEM. IR, irradiated pelleted feed (control); A230, pelleted feed autoclaved at 230 °F; A250, pelleted feed autoclaved at 250 °F; A260, pelleted feed autoclaved at 260 °F; A270P, pelleted feed autoclaved at 270 °F; A270G, ground feed autoclaved at 270 °F; AA-low, irradiated ground feed spiked with 200 ppb acrylamide; AA-high, irradiated ground fee spiked with 1000 ppb acrylamide. *P < 0.0001 compared with irradiated control group.

Article Snippet: 5 AAMA, [methyl-d3]- N -acetyl- S -(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine (AAMA-D 3 ), GAMA dicyclohexylammonium salt, and [methyl-d3]- N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-cysteine (glycidamideMA-D 3 ) dicyclohexylammonium salt were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Irradiation

Journal: Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS

Article Title: Acrylamide Production in Autoclaved Rodent Feed

doi: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-18-000011

Figure Lengend Snippet: Urine N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-cysteine concentration (GAMA, μM) from mice fed NIH31 study diets. All groups represent a single pooled sample except A270P which had 2 pooled samples. All samples run in duplicate. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of duplicate samples. IR, irradiated pelleted feed (control); A230, pelleted feed autoclaved at 230 °F; A250, pelleted feed autoclaved at 250 °F; A260, pelleted feed autoclaved at 260 °F; A270P, pelleted feed autoclaved at 270 °F; A270G, ground feed autoclaved at 270 °F; AA-low, irradiated ground feed spiked with 0.2 ppm acrylamide; AA-high, irradiated ground fee spiked with 1.0 ppm acrylamide. *, P < 0.05; †, P < 0.01; and §, P < 0.0001 compared with the irradiated control group.

Article Snippet: 5 AAMA, [methyl-d3]- N -acetyl- S -(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine (AAMA-D 3 ), GAMA dicyclohexylammonium salt, and [methyl-d3]- N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-cysteine (glycidamideMA-D 3 ) dicyclohexylammonium salt were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Irradiation

Journal: Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS

Article Title: Acrylamide Production in Autoclaved Rodent Feed

doi: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-18-000011

Figure Lengend Snippet: The number of hepatic glycidamide–guanine DNA adducts (N7-[2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl]-guanine or N7-glycidamide-guanine) per 108 total nucleotides in mice fed NIH31 irradiated or autoclaved diet. Data are given as mean ± SEM (n = 10) for all goups except A230 (n = 8) and A270P (n = 14). IR, irradiated pelleted feed (control); A230, pelleted feed autoclaved at 230 °F; A250, pelleted feed autoclaved at 250 °F; A260, pelleted feed autoclaved at 260 °F; A270P, pelleted feed autoclaved at 270 °F; A270G, ground feed autoclaved at 270 °F; AA-low, irradiated ground feed spiked with 200 ppb acrylamide; AA-high, irradiated ground fee spiked with 1000 ppb acrylamide. †, P < 0.01; ‡, P < 0.001; and §, P < 0.0001 compared with the irradiated control group.

Article Snippet: 5 AAMA, [methyl-d3]- N -acetyl- S -(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine (AAMA-D 3 ), GAMA dicyclohexylammonium salt, and [methyl-d3]- N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-cysteine (glycidamideMA-D 3 ) dicyclohexylammonium salt were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals.

Techniques: Irradiation

Journal: Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS

Article Title: Acrylamide Production in Autoclaved Rodent Feed

doi: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-18-000011

Figure Lengend Snippet: The number of hepatic glycidamide–adenine DNA adducts (N3-[2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl]-adenine or N3-glycidamide-adenine] per 108 total nucleotides in mice fed NIH31 irradiated or autoclaved diet. Several groups had samples in which some or all measurements were below the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.16 adducts per 108 nucleotides. Those samples were assigned a value of LOD/√2 (that is, 0.11 adducts/108 nucleotides). Data are given as mean ± SEM (n = 10) for all groups except IR (n = 14) and A270P (n = 15). The number above each column indicates the number of samples per group that were below the LOD. IR, irradiated pelleted feed (control); A230, pelleted feed autoclaved at 230 °F; A250, pelleted feed autoclaved at 250 °F; A260, pelleted feed autoclaved at 260 °F; A270P, pelleted feed autoclaved at 270 °F; A270G, ground feed autoclaved at 270 °F; AA-low, irradiated ground feed spiked with 200 ppb acrylamide; AA-high, irradiated ground fee spiked with 1000 ppb acrylamide. Statistical analysis used a 1-sample t test with hypothetical mean of 0.16. ‡, P < 0.001; §, P < 0.0001 compared with irradiated control group.

Article Snippet: 5 AAMA, [methyl-d3]- N -acetyl- S -(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine (AAMA-D 3 ), GAMA dicyclohexylammonium salt, and [methyl-d3]- N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-cysteine (glycidamideMA-D 3 ) dicyclohexylammonium salt were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals.

Techniques: Irradiation